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The Dancing Mouse A Study in Animal Behavior by Yerkes, Robert M., 1876-1956

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The Animal Behavior Series. Volume I The Dancing Mouse By 1907 Preface

Chapter I Characteristics, Origin, And History

Chapter Ii Feeding, Breeding, And Development Of The Young

Table I Development Of The Young

Chapter Iii Behavior: Dance Movements

Chapter Iv Behavior: Equilibration And Dizziness

Chapter V Structural Peculiarities And Behavior

Function Structure

Chapter Vi The Sense Of Hearing

Table 5 Period Of Auditory Reaction In Young Dancers

Chapter Vii The Sense Of Sight: Brightness Vision

Table 6 Brightness Discrimination

Table 7 Brightness Discrimination

Table 8 White-black Preference Tests

Table 11 Table 12 Position Of White Cardboards For A Set Of 150 Tests Series 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Table 13 Gray Discrimination

Chapter Ix The Sense Of Sight: Color Vision

Table 15 Orange-blue Tests, With Food-box

Table 16 Yellow-red Tests

Table 17 Light Blue-orange Tests In Color Discrimination Box

Table 18 Light Blue-orange Test Condition Right Wrong

Table 22 Green-blue Tests

Table 23 Green-blue Tests

9 17 7 3 8 2 10 17 8 2 8 2

Table 24 Green-red Tests

Table 24-continued

Table 25 Green-red Tests

Table 26 Green-red Tests

Table 26-continued No. 2 No. 5

Table 27-continued

Chapter Xi The Role Of Sight In The Daily Life Of The Dancer

Table 30 Visual Form Tests

Table 31 The Role Of Sight No. 7 No. 998

Labyrinth-b Experiments

Table 33 The Role Of Sight, Touch, And Smell In Labyrinth Experiments Test Condition Errors Condition Errors

Table 34 Role Of Sight, Touch, And Smell In Labyrinth Experiments

Averages 11.2 5.7 14.5 .3 10.8 Females Averages 9.2 5.5 12.5 .3 9.5

Chapter Xii Educability: Methods Of Learning

Table 35 Ladder Climbing Test

Chapter Xiii Habit Formation: The Labyrinth Habit

Table 36 Results Of Labyrinth A Tests With Dancers

Table 37 Results Of Labyrinth A Tests With Common Mice

Table 38 Results Of Labyrinth-b Experiments, With Twenty Dancers Males Females

Table 39 Results Of Labyrinth-c Experiments, With Twenty Dancers Males Females

Av. 18.7 Av. 13.8

Table 40 Results Of Labyrinth-d Experiments, With Twenty Dancers Males Females

Chapter Xiv Habit Formation: The Discrimination Method

Table 41 Males Females

Chapter Xv The Efficiency Of Training Methods

Table 46 Efficiency Of Training

Method Index Of Modifiability (efficiency) Table 47 Efficiency Of Training

Chapter Xvi The Duration Of Habits: Memory And Re-learning

Table 48 Measurements Of The Duration Of A Habit

Table 49 White-black Training. Ten Tests Per Day

Table 50 White-black Training. Ten Tests Per Day

Indices Of Modifiability Learning Re-learning Table 51

Av. 8.2 17.3 7.0 18.8 5.0 9.2 Labyrinth C Labyrinth B Labyrinth D

Av. 19.7 26.5 5.0 18.2 5.7 8.3 Chapter Xvii Individual, Age, And Sex Differences In Behavior

Table 52 Series Males Females No. 76 No. 78 Av. No. 75 No. 77 Av. General Av.

Chapter Xviii The Inheritance Of Forms Of Behavior Right Whirlers Left Whirlers Mixed Whirlers Total

Individuals Of Mixed Descent 9 10 6 25 Table 53 The Inheritance Of The Habit Of White-black Discrimination Males Females

The development of the young, as I have observed it in the cases of twenty litters, for ten of which (Table I) systematic daily records were kept, may be sketched as follows. At birth the mice have a rosy pink skin which is devoid of hair and perfectly smooth; they are blind, deaf, and irresponsive to stimulation of the vibrissae on the nose. During the first week of post-natal life the members of a litter remain closely huddled together in the nest, and no dance movements are exhibited. The mother stays with them most of the time. On the fourth or fifth day colorless hairs are visible, and by the end of the week the body is covered with a coat which rapidly assumes the characteristic black and white markings of the race. For the first few days the hind legs are too weak to support the body weight, and whatever movements appear are the result of the use of the fore legs. As soon as the young mice are able to stand, circling movements are exhibited, and by the end of the second week they are pronounced. Somewhere about the tenth day the appearance of the teats in the case of the females serves to distinguish the sexes plainly. Between the tenth and fifteenth days excitability, as indicated by restless jerky movements in the presence of a disturbing condition, increases markedly; the auditory meatus opens, and, in the case of some individuals, there are signs of hearing. On or after the fifteenth day the eyes open and the efforts to escape from the nest box rapidly become more vigorous. About this time the mother resumes her dancing with customary vigor, and the young, when they have opportunity, begin to eat of the food which is given to her. They now dance essentially as do the adults. From the end of the third week growth continues without noteworthy external changes until sexual maturity is attained, between the fourth and the sixth week. For several weeks after they are sexually mature the mice continue to increase in size.

TABLE I

DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNG

NUMBER JERKY REACT IN HAIR TEATS MOVE- EARS TO EYES PARENTS LITTER VISIBLE VISIBLE MENTS OPEN SOUND OPEN M F APPEAR