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The Dancing Mouse A Study in Animal Behavior by Yerkes, Robert M., 1876-1956

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The Animal Behavior Series. Volume I The Dancing Mouse By 1907 Preface

Chapter I Characteristics, Origin, And History

Chapter Ii Feeding, Breeding, And Development Of The Young

Table I Development Of The Young

Chapter Iii Behavior: Dance Movements

Chapter Iv Behavior: Equilibration And Dizziness

Chapter V Structural Peculiarities And Behavior

Function Structure

Chapter Vi The Sense Of Hearing

Table 5 Period Of Auditory Reaction In Young Dancers

Chapter Vii The Sense Of Sight: Brightness Vision

Table 6 Brightness Discrimination

Table 7 Brightness Discrimination

Table 8 White-black Preference Tests

Table 11 Table 12 Position Of White Cardboards For A Set Of 150 Tests Series 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Table 13 Gray Discrimination

Chapter Ix The Sense Of Sight: Color Vision

Table 15 Orange-blue Tests, With Food-box

Table 16 Yellow-red Tests

Table 17 Light Blue-orange Tests In Color Discrimination Box

Table 18 Light Blue-orange Test Condition Right Wrong

Table 22 Green-blue Tests

Table 23 Green-blue Tests

9 17 7 3 8 2 10 17 8 2 8 2

Table 24 Green-red Tests

Table 24-continued

Table 25 Green-red Tests

Table 26 Green-red Tests

Table 26-continued No. 2 No. 5

Table 27-continued

Chapter Xi The Role Of Sight In The Daily Life Of The Dancer

Table 30 Visual Form Tests

Table 31 The Role Of Sight No. 7 No. 998

Labyrinth-b Experiments

Table 33 The Role Of Sight, Touch, And Smell In Labyrinth Experiments Test Condition Errors Condition Errors

Table 34 Role Of Sight, Touch, And Smell In Labyrinth Experiments

Averages 11.2 5.7 14.5 .3 10.8 Females Averages 9.2 5.5 12.5 .3 9.5

Chapter Xii Educability: Methods Of Learning

Table 35 Ladder Climbing Test

Chapter Xiii Habit Formation: The Labyrinth Habit

Table 36 Results Of Labyrinth A Tests With Dancers

Table 37 Results Of Labyrinth A Tests With Common Mice

Table 38 Results Of Labyrinth-b Experiments, With Twenty Dancers Males Females

Table 39 Results Of Labyrinth-c Experiments, With Twenty Dancers Males Females

Av. 18.7 Av. 13.8

Table 40 Results Of Labyrinth-d Experiments, With Twenty Dancers Males Females

Chapter Xiv Habit Formation: The Discrimination Method

Table 41 Males Females

Chapter Xv The Efficiency Of Training Methods

Table 46 Efficiency Of Training

Method Index Of Modifiability (efficiency) Table 47 Efficiency Of Training

Chapter Xvi The Duration Of Habits: Memory And Re-learning

Table 48 Measurements Of The Duration Of A Habit

Table 49 White-black Training. Ten Tests Per Day

Table 50 White-black Training. Ten Tests Per Day

Indices Of Modifiability Learning Re-learning Table 51

Av. 8.2 17.3 7.0 18.8 5.0 9.2 Labyrinth C Labyrinth B Labyrinth D

Av. 19.7 26.5 5.0 18.2 5.7 8.3 Chapter Xvii Individual, Age, And Sex Differences In Behavior

Table 52 Series Males Females No. 76 No. 78 Av. No. 75 No. 77 Av. General Av.

Chapter Xviii The Inheritance Of Forms Of Behavior Right Whirlers Left Whirlers Mixed Whirlers Total

Individuals Of Mixed Descent 9 10 6 25 Table 53 The Inheritance Of The Habit Of White-black Discrimination Males Females

Certain individuals in this litter reacted so vigorously to the loud sound produced by striking the steel bar a sharp blow and also to the Galton whistle, during a period of five days, that I have no hesitation in saying that they evidently heard during that period of their lives. Other members of the litter seemed to be less sensitive; their reactions were sometimes so indefinite as to leave the experimenter in doubt about the presence of hearing.

A third litter, which developed very slowly because of lack of sufficient food, first showed unmistakable reactions to sound on the twenty-first day. On this day only two of the five individuals reacted. The reactions were much more obvious on the twenty-second day, but thereafter they became indefinite.

Still another litter, which consisted of one female and four males, began to exhibit the quick, jerky movements, already mentioned, on the fourteenth day. On the morning of the fifteenth day three members of the litter definitely reacted to the tone of the steel bar, and also to the hammer blow when the bar was held tightly in the hand of the experimenter. My observations were verified by another experimenter. Two individuals which appeared to be very sensitive were selected for special tests. Their reactions were obvious on the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth days; on the nineteenth day they were indefinite, and on the twentieth none could be detected. Some individuals of this litter certainly had the ability to hear for at least five days.

A sixth litter of four females and two males first gave indications of the change in behavior which by this time I had come to interpret as a sign of the approach of the period of auditory sensitiveness, on the seventeenth day. I had tested them almost every day previous to this time without obtaining evidence of hearing. The tests with the steel bar and the Galton whistle were continued each day until the end of the fourth week without positive results. To all appearances the individuals of this litter were unable to hear at any time during the first month of life.

Practically the same results were obtained with another litter of four females. The change in their behavior was obvious on the eighteenth day, but at no time during the first month did they give any satisfactory indications of hearing.

In the accompanying table, I have presented in condensed form the results of my auditory tests in the case of twelve litters of young dancers.

TABLE 5

PERIOD OF AUDITORY REACTION IN YOUNG DANCERS

PARENTS No. in Change in Ears Auditory Reactions Litter Behavior Open Appear Disappear