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The Dancing Mouse A Study in Animal Behavior by Yerkes, Robert M., 1876-1956

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The Animal Behavior Series. Volume I The Dancing Mouse By 1907 Preface

Chapter I Characteristics, Origin, And History

Chapter Ii Feeding, Breeding, And Development Of The Young

Table I Development Of The Young

Chapter Iii Behavior: Dance Movements

Chapter Iv Behavior: Equilibration And Dizziness

Chapter V Structural Peculiarities And Behavior

Function Structure

Chapter Vi The Sense Of Hearing

Table 5 Period Of Auditory Reaction In Young Dancers

Chapter Vii The Sense Of Sight: Brightness Vision

Table 6 Brightness Discrimination

Table 7 Brightness Discrimination

Table 8 White-black Preference Tests

Table 11 Table 12 Position Of White Cardboards For A Set Of 150 Tests Series 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Table 13 Gray Discrimination

Chapter Ix The Sense Of Sight: Color Vision

Table 15 Orange-blue Tests, With Food-box

Table 16 Yellow-red Tests

Table 17 Light Blue-orange Tests In Color Discrimination Box

Table 18 Light Blue-orange Test Condition Right Wrong

Table 22 Green-blue Tests

Table 23 Green-blue Tests

9 17 7 3 8 2 10 17 8 2 8 2

Table 24 Green-red Tests

Table 24-continued

Table 25 Green-red Tests

Table 26 Green-red Tests

Table 26-continued No. 2 No. 5

Table 27-continued

Chapter Xi The Role Of Sight In The Daily Life Of The Dancer

Table 30 Visual Form Tests

Table 31 The Role Of Sight No. 7 No. 998

Labyrinth-b Experiments

Table 33 The Role Of Sight, Touch, And Smell In Labyrinth Experiments Test Condition Errors Condition Errors

Table 34 Role Of Sight, Touch, And Smell In Labyrinth Experiments

Averages 11.2 5.7 14.5 .3 10.8 Females Averages 9.2 5.5 12.5 .3 9.5

Chapter Xii Educability: Methods Of Learning

Table 35 Ladder Climbing Test

Chapter Xiii Habit Formation: The Labyrinth Habit

Table 36 Results Of Labyrinth A Tests With Dancers

Table 37 Results Of Labyrinth A Tests With Common Mice

Table 38 Results Of Labyrinth-b Experiments, With Twenty Dancers Males Females

Table 39 Results Of Labyrinth-c Experiments, With Twenty Dancers Males Females

Av. 18.7 Av. 13.8

Table 40 Results Of Labyrinth-d Experiments, With Twenty Dancers Males Females

Chapter Xiv Habit Formation: The Discrimination Method

Table 41 Males Females

Chapter Xv The Efficiency Of Training Methods

Table 46 Efficiency Of Training

Method Index Of Modifiability (efficiency) Table 47 Efficiency Of Training

Chapter Xvi The Duration Of Habits: Memory And Re-learning

Table 48 Measurements Of The Duration Of A Habit

Table 49 White-black Training. Ten Tests Per Day

Table 50 White-black Training. Ten Tests Per Day

Indices Of Modifiability Learning Re-learning Table 51

Av. 8.2 17.3 7.0 18.8 5.0 9.2 Labyrinth C Labyrinth B Labyrinth D

Av. 19.7 26.5 5.0 18.2 5.7 8.3 Chapter Xvii Individual, Age, And Sex Differences In Behavior

Table 52 Series Males Females No. 76 No. 78 Av. No. 75 No. 77 Av. General Av.

Chapter Xviii The Inheritance Of Forms Of Behavior Right Whirlers Left Whirlers Mixed Whirlers Total

Individuals Of Mixed Descent 9 10 6 25 Table 53 The Inheritance Of The Habit Of White-black Discrimination Males Females

Now, as a final test, blue and green glasses were placed over the electric-boxes, the brightness of the two was equalized for the human eye, and the tests of series 18 and 19 were given to No. 2:--

TABLE 27--CONTINUED

NO. 2 SERIES DATE BRIGHTNESS VALUES RIGHT WRONG (Blue) (Green)

18 18 Blue 62 c.m.
Green 21 c.m 4 6
19 19 Same 6 4
20 20 Blue 21 c.m.
Green 88 c.m. 2 8

The green was now made much the brighter.

21 21 Blue 21 c.m.
Green 18 c.m. 7 3
22 23 Same 8 2

To begin with, the blue and the green were made quite bright for the human subject, blue 74 candle meters, green 36. Later the brightness of both was first decreased, then increased, in order to ascertain whether discrimination was conditioned by the absolute strength of illumination. No evidence of discrimination was obtained with any of the several conditions of illumination in seventeen series of ten tests each.

On the supposition that the animals were blinded by the brightness of the light which had been used in some of the tests, similar tests were made with weaker light. The results were the same. I am therefore convinced that the animals did justice to their visual ability in these experiments.

Finally, it seemed possible that looking directly at the source of light might be an unfavorable condition for color discrimination, and that a chamber flooded with colored light from above and from one end would prove more satisfactory. To test this conjecture two thicknesses of blue glass were placed over one electric-box, two plates of green glass over the other; the incandescent lamps were then fixed in such positions that the blue and the green within the two boxes appeared to the experimenter, as he viewed them from the position at which the mouse made its choice, of the same brightness.

Mouse No. 2 was given two series of tests, series 18 and 19, under these conditions, with the result that he showed absolutely no ability to tell the blue box from the green box. The opportunity was now taken to determine how quickly No. 2 would avail himself of any possibility of discriminating by means of brightness. With the blue at 21 candle meters, the green was increased to about 1800. Immediately discrimination appeared, and in the second series (22 of Table 27) there were only two mistakes.